Tribal and state ecosystem management regimes influence forest regeneration

ScienceDirect - Forest Ecology and Management : Tribal and state ecosystem management regimes influence forest regeneration: "Wild ungulates such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are highly valued wildlife assets that provide subsistence, economic and cultural benefits to hunters and rural communities. Yet, high density populations of these herbivores can contribute significantly to regeneration failures in a wide range of forest types. Pre-European settlement white-tailed deer densities were estimated to have been approximately 2–4 deer km−2, and similar densities have been recommended to balance contemporary forest regeneration and wildlife objectives."